The Economic Legacy of Mega Sporting Events. The Impact of Hosting European Olympic Games on GDP Growth Through Infrastructure Development
نویسندگان
چکیده
Abstract Introduction. The positive legacy of the Olympics is often cited by International Olympic Committee and national organizers. Some scholars, however, question an uncritical approach to exclusively economic legacy. aim this study evaluate impact hosting on infrastructure development, with a potential growth in form Gross Domestic Product (GDP) three phases seven Games organised Europe recent years. Material methods. effect particular period GDP was analysed using difference-in-difference technique which difference between each host countries’ GDPs those reference set countries obtained. Each time, as part observation, event time distinguished covering all event: preparatory phase, phase post-event phase. Results. For Winter Games, no statistically significant results are observed long term, may indicate very limited importance these events for countries. In case Summer organization noticeable Conclusions. obtained confirm ambiguous hosts’ economies line attitude many scholars only events.
منابع مشابه
the impact of morphological awareness on the vocabulary development of the iranian efl students
this study investigated the impact of explicit instruction of morphemic analysis and synthesis on the vocabulary development of the students. the participants were 90 junior high school students divided into two experimental groups and one control group. morphological awareness techniques (analysis/synthesis) and conventional techniques were used to teach vocabulary in the experimental groups a...
15 صفحه اولDesigning a model for the impact of innovation on the consequences of hosting sporting events
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of innovation on the outcome of hosting Iranian sporting events. This research was of developmental-applied type. And the statistical population included experts of sporting events.After confirming the validity of the researcher-made questionnaire by 20 experts, based on the final number of items in the questionnaire, 111 people were...
متن کاملthe impact of skopos on syntactic features of the target text
the present study is an experimental case study which investigates the impacts, if any, of skopos on syntactic features of the target text. two test groups each consisting of 10 ma students translated a set of sentences selected from advertising texts in the operative and informative mode. the resulting target texts were then statistically analyzed in terms of the number of words, phrases, si...
15 صفحه اولthe impact of attending efl classes on the level of depression of iranian female learners and their attributional complexity
می توان گفت واقعیت چند لایه ا ی کلاس های زبان انگلیسی بسیار حائز اهمیت است، زیرا عواطف و بینش های زبان آموزان تحت تاثیر قرار می گیرد. در پژوهش پیش رو، گفته می شود که دبیران با در پیش گرفتن رویکرد فرا-انسانگرایی ، قادرند در زندگی دانش آموزانشان نقش مهمی را ایفا سازند. بر اساس گفته ی ویلیامز و بردن (2000)، برای کرل راجرز، یکی از بنیان گذاران رویکرد انسانگرایی ، یادگیری بر مبنای تجربه، نوعی از یاد...
ذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2082-8799', '1899-1998']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2022-0019